M Hamdi

..The authors evaluated 99 pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps, with an emphasis on preoperative planning, surgical technique, and analysis of complications...

..The purpose of this study was to analyze the indications, methods, and outcomes of tertiary surgery in patients with a failed autologous breast reconstruction...

..This technique decreases the donor-site morbidity and offers an excellent aesthetic and long-term outcome and high patient satisfaction...

..Pedicled perforator flaps have not been widely described for the breast. The aim of this study is to report our clinical experience with pedicled perforator flaps in breast reconstruction...

..Many methods of reconstruction have been described. The early and long-term effects of radiation also contribute to the complexity of these cases. This article reviews breast-conserving therapy, reconstruction options, and outcomes...

..Anatomy and classification of intercostal perforator flaps in addition to our experience with will be demonstrated for different indications...

..Preoperative planning combined with high expertise in microsurgical techniques are the key points in the high success rate in these difficult cases...

..Additionally, harvesting these flaps without sacrifice of the underlying muscle eases postoperative recovery and reduces donor site morbidity...

..Cadaver dissections have been performed to improve the understanding of lateral intercostal perforator anatomy. The clinical applications of this study are demonstrated...

..Also, the surgical technique should be uncomplicated...

..We present an anatomical study based on multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) scan findings of the SEA perforators in addition to the first reported clinical series of SEAP flaps in anterior chest wall reconstruction...

..Reducing donor site morbidity and seroma rate are the ultimate goals of this technique. The TDAP flap should be modified to an LD muscle-sparing version in any case of unfavorable anatomic or clinical situations...

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..Oncoplastic surgery is preferred especially in younger patients with smaller breasts, since it is less cosmetically mutulating and allows complete tumor resection with save margins...

..We have termed this 'tertiary breast reconstruction'. This article presents our experience with tertiary reconstructions, including the indications, method of reconstruction and outcomes...

..Perforator flaps can be used successfully to cover a large defect in an extremity with minimal donor-site morbidity. Combined flaps provide a large amount of tissue, a wide range of mobility, and easy shaping, modeling, and defatting...

..During the past 7 years, the senior author (M.H.) has been performing septum-based mammaplasty. The aim of this article is to report the safety and ease of breast shaping by using this technique...

..Postoperative course was uneventful. Our results showed that raising perforator flaps after liposuction of the donor sites is possible. Preoperative radiological evaluation of the perforators is mandatory for such difficult cases...

..The postoperative recovery was uneventful with restoration of the range of motion of the shoulder joint...

..Additionally, flattening of the NAC is avoided by the support by glandular tissue behind the NAC that improves projection and hereby the aesthetic conic appearance of both breast and nipple...

..In some cases the skin island was harvested along with intercostal nerve branches, this gave us the potential to develop a sensate flap. The indications and advantages of this reconstructive method are discussed...

..At 6 months, the mean value of nipple-areola complex pressure sensation was comparable in the two series of patients...

..The pyramidalis muscle can be an alternative option in selective cases to reduce donor site morbidity as compared with more traditional free flaps...

..A critical review of the literature is presented and the factors influencing flap survival are discussed...

..However, in large breasts, although pressure sensitivity recovered after 1 year, temperature and vibration sensitivity remained diminished on the nipple-areola complex...

..The results in this series of patients clearly demonstrate that a close cooperation of the different surgical specialties, within our multidisciplinary gender team, is the key to success in treating transsexual patients...

..The authors present the largest series to date of female-to-male transsexuals who have undergone subcutaneous mastectomy...

..Still, the radial forearm flap is the most frequently used flap and universally considered as the standard technique...

..Laser Doppler imaging (LDI) was reported as an objective technique to determine the depth of a burn wound, but the accuracy on very early days post burn has never been investigated yet...

..Evolence30 is a new, porcine-derived collagen gel based on the Glymatrix cross-linking technology, which results in a more natural and longer-lasting collagen product...

..As typical indications, we would consider the occasional developmental asymmetry, autologous augmentation after contralateral breast reconstruction, or contour surgery in the bariatric patient...

..There is also the need to minimize donor-site morbidity from aesthetic, functional, and psychological perspectives...

..CONCLUSIONS: The IM perforators can be used as recipient vessels for free flaps. This spares the IM vessels for eventual cardiac bypass surgery, avoiding recipient site morbidity and decreasing the postoperative discomfort...

..The amount of tissue provided, its reliable vascular supply and long and adequately sized pedicles, together with its limited donor-site morbidity make it a useful alternative free flap...

..3. The surgical goals of sex reassignment surgery in male-to-female transsexualism. 4. The surgical techniques available for sex reassignment surgery in male-to-female transsexualism...

..The final recovery of sensation in the breast after mammaplasty seems to result from the regeneration of severed cutaneous nerve branches or the remaining cutaneous innervation rather than the preserved adjacent cutaneous branches...

..Therefore, refinements of reconstructive techniques with minimal functional donor site morbidity are now the gold standard in our practice...

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..It seems that povidone-iodine has all the characteristics to become the first choice antiseptic in wound treatment...

..Using this technique, a prospective study was conducted in order to quantitatively assess the nipple-areola sensitivity...

..No extension of the hospital stay was required. Polarised-light therapy may be a valuable way of avoiding surgery in patients with deep dermal burns...

..We observed concomitant adipogenic and angiogenic induction after 6 weeks in three-dimensional adipose tissue constructs...

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..Traditional flaps for scrotal reconstruction in a biological male do not really apply in transsexuals: the labia majora seem to achieve the best results; still, they may not provide enough tissue and can be located much too posteriorly...

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..The authors believe that this consensus is a foundation that will stimulate further discussion and encourage further refinements in the future...

..The first terminology consensus on perforator flaps, reached in 2001, was reviewed and further simplified following the Sixth International Course on Perforator Flaps...

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