Amaélia Rodrigues

..Studies show that time to parasite clearance is significantly longer in children treated with paracetamol, which questions the policy. Whether this is of clinical importance has not been investigated...

..abstract:..

..We aimed to test these observations...

..To describe the epidemiology of malaria in Guinea-Bissau, in view of the fact that more funds are available now for malaria control in the country...

..Vaccination against rotavirus is protective against severe disease. Surveillance of rotavirus infection in developing countries might direct vaccination policy more efficiently...

..It is possible that this effect is mediated partly through an effect on malaria, a hypothesis supported by animal studies. We investigated whether revaccination with BCG at 19 months of age reduced morbidity from malaria...

..Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is given at birth in tuberculosis-endemic countries. Previous studies suggest that VAS may influence the immune response to vaccines...

..We aimed to assess whether DTP or inactivated poliovirus (IPV) administered after HTMV was associated with increased female-male mortality ratio...

..To examine the protective efficacy of measles vaccination in infants in a low income country before 9 months of age...

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..Previous studies have suggested that girls may have lower maternal measles antibody levels than boys. Girls might therefore be more likely to contract measles infection before the normal age of measles vaccination at 9 months of age...

..The prevalence of HTLV-1 declined significantly from 3.5% in 1996 to 2.3% in 2006. The incidence between 1996 and 2006 was only 0.9/1000 person-years and tended to be higher for women than for men...

..To determine whether BCG revaccination at 19 months of age reduces overall child mortality...

..To assess the changes in HIV prevalence and incidence between 1996 and 2006 in urban areas of Bissau...

..5 months and 3 years of age for children given two standard doses of Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccines at 4.5 and 9 months of age compared with those given one dose of measles vaccine at 9 months of age (current policy)...

..The effect of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) at birth on subsequent vitamin A status has not been studied...

..The 2-fold increase in female mortality after high-titer measles vaccine may have occurred because many children received diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) after high-titer measles vaccine...

..None of these studies had complete information on DTP vaccinations from both survivors and children who died. We reviewed the data analysis methodology to assess whether methodological differences could explain the divergent results...

..Live vaccines including BCG and measles may have non-targeted beneficial effects on childhood survival in areas with high mortality. The authors therefore undertook a survey of vaccinia scars to evaluate subsequent mortality...

..The sequence is not always respected. We examined in-hospital mortality of children having received DTP with or after measles vaccine...

..To test whether strict implementation of a standardised protocol for the management of malaria and provision of a financial incentive for health workers reduced mortality...

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..In a prospective birth cohort, we examine whether a positive tuberculin skin test and BCG scar in response to BCG immunization were related to better overall survival in Guinea-Bissau and, if so, whether the effect was sex-specific...

..We examined whether this could be because of methodological differences...

..CONCLUSION: Routine immunisations may affect morbidity for non-targeted infections. As in studies of infant mortality, BCG is associated with lower risk for girls, whereas, DTP is associated with higher risk for girls relative to boys...

..To determine whether the dose of vitamin A currently recommended by the World Health Organization or half this dose gives better protection against childhood morbidity and mortality...

..Considering that these responses are associated with better infant survival, the importance of monitoring vaccination technique and of different BCG strains should be evaluated with respect to infant mortality...

..02). The possibilities of promoting home treatment should be further evaluated, not only to avoid unnecessary visits to the professional health system, but also to decrease the morbidity from acute malaria...

..To investigate the effect of high dose vitamin A supplementation given with BCG vaccine at birth in an African setting with high infant mortality...

..As background information, we examined sex- and age-specific mortality patterns in the pre-vaccination era. Subjects In all, 626 female-male twin pairs identified between 1978 and 2000...

..The low pfcrt 76T prevalence suggests that resistance to normal dose chloroquine does not confer a major advantage to falciparum in Bissau and could be a result of treatment with high-dose chloroquine...

..In order to monitor any change of the in vivo sensitivity, the efficacy of S/P was studied immediately before the introduction of the drug and 6-9 years later...

..Future studies should examine possible adverse effects from equalizing BCG policy for LBW and NBW children...

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..Control for background factors had no impact on the estimate. In areas with high mortality, OPV administered alone may have non-specific beneficial effects or DTP may have a negative effect for children who had received both DTP and OPV...

..In a previous community-based cohort study in Guinea-Bissau from 1996 to 1998, characterisation of rotavirus strains showed a high frequency of less common genotypes such as G8 and G9 and a high proportion of mixed infections...

..However, 25 mg/kg of CQ is less efficient. As an interim option, Guinea-Bissau could change the recommended first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria to CQ 50 mg/kg, reserving AQ as a partner drug for a future combination therapy...