M Voracek

..Previous research has documented that disbelief in the genetics of suicide prevails...

..It is concluded that more data are required to clarify whether or not there is a 2D:4D effect for sexual orientation in men...

..Discussed are implications of these findings for digit ratio research, along with ideas for further inquiry on this topic...

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..The scale shows potential for basic research and curriculum evaluation...

..Consistent with previous research, across a considerable variety of sample types and cultural settings there was no evidence for a clear majority believing in genetic bases for suicide...

..Within the USA, the direction of the correlations of suicide prevalence with these four variables is exactly reversed. Possible reasons for these opposed findings and implications for research are discussed...

..Implications of and possible explanations for these findings, study limitations, directions for further inquiry, and the real-world relevance of ameliorating misconceptions of probability are discussed...

..Implications of these findings and the question of generalizability of such associations to the individual level are discussed...

..The implications of these findings and directions for further inquiry are discussed...

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..Several alternative explanations for the current nil findings are also discussed...

..The present account provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the twin studies on this topic...

..The preference for small feet in women was convergent across different methods of evaluating attractiveness. Directions for investigations in this emerging field of research on physical attractiveness are discussed...

..However, a comprehensive, stand-alone review of adoption studies in this area is unavailable, nor are there data on what people actually believe about adoption study findings...

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..Additional findings, such as the magnitude ranking of sex differences in digit ratios and the comparability of direct versus image-based finger-length measurements, are also discussed...

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..Demographic correlates of BIRFSS scores included respondents' age and religiosity (both positive ones), but not respondents' sex, educational level, or political orientation...

..The puzzling geographical pattern seen in the 2D:4D ratio and the question of possible time trends therein deserve further investigations...

..The current findings thus add to cumulated empirical evidence consistent with the Finno-Ugrian Suicide Hypothesis...

..Migrant studies are also informative in this context, but underused. In particular, a meta-analysis of the associations of immigrant (IMM) and country-of-birth (COB) suicide rates is unavailable...

..2D:4D was particularly strongly heritable through male lines (father-son and brother-brother correlations), thus raising the possibility that Y-linked genes (such as the sex-determining region SRY) might influence 2D:4D expression...

..These nil findings cast doubt on hypothesized advantages of implicitly (over explicitly) measured target traits for 2D:4D research. More generally, they add to a growing number of replication failures in this area...

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..Sporting success in adult life might be partly prenatally programmed via long-lasting extragenital effects of testosterone...

..This correspondence of immigrant and country-of-birth suicide rates is consistent with the assumption of population differences in the prevalence of genetic risk factors for suicide, for which there is emerging evidence...

..The merits of this additional marker, relative to 2D:4D, for supplementing studies of possible sex-hormonal effects on personality and directions for future inquiry along these lines are discussed...

..The propensity toward suicidal behavior is a positive correlate of the K superfactor...

..Discussed are implications of this specific null finding, now replicated in a large sample, for studies of 2D:4D and personality in general and novel research approaches to proceed in this field...

..This estimate also rebuts the beliefs and hearsay data widespread among both the public and researchers which contend nonpaternity rates in modern populations might be as high as about 10%...

..All associations for women were negligible. Both prenatal and postnatal androgen action may contribute to small amounts of individual differences in Pavlovian temperament dimensions in men but apparently not in women...

..This study investigated lunar effects on one particular outcome (completed suicide) for which the literature appears unsettled, owing to some recent reports with positive findings...

..Discussed are implications of the current findings and directions for future research into possible associations of 2D:4D with other aspects of body ornamentation...

..Likely causes of the effect appear to be prenatal and perinatal factors (reduced fetal growth and shorter gestation for twins)...

..On the whole, women, advanced, older, and medical students outperformed men, junior, younger, and psychology students. Various directions for further inquiry are discussed..

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..Implications of these findings for 2D:4D research are discussed...

..Collective anticipation of a positive event could have a preventive effect on suicide incidence...

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..5%, respectively). These results are consistent with the Finno-Ugrian Suicide Hypothesis. Study limitations and directions for further research are discussed...

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..The present findings point to the importance of contextual effects in naturalistic investigations of women's receptivity to sexual offers...

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..This evidence implies that the effect of a shift in the national IQ on the suicide rate is proportional, not absolute. As a rule of thumb, a 5-point shift in national IQ roughly corresponds to a 50% change in the national suicide rate...

..This ecological (aggregate-level) association was independent of national differences in affluence, as measured by per capita Gross Domestic Product...

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..It is argued that the most parsimonious interpretation of these aggregate-level findings remains that intelligence level and suicide mortality are positively related...

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..S. might render adult-age indicators of educational attainment inappropriate to reflect regional variation in intelligence by place of birth...

..One single implication is that this information needs to be incorporated and covered more visibly in medical and psychology textbooks and curricula...

..Some practical recommendations for 2D:4D measurement are offered...

..The vast majority of respondents believed the peak to be located in late autumn and early winter and the trough occurring in late spring and the summer months. Implications for education and practice are discussed...

..This study investigated whether differences in regional suicide rates correspond to the genetic structure of the Austrian population...

..2002) that seasonality of suicide remains high in Eastern Europe. A new hypothesis regarding the co-occurrence of high incidence and strong seasonality of suicide is presented...

..Comparative investigations between medical students and other student groups have not yet been conducted...

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..in 2003 and refuting the supposition of Lester and Kondrichin of 2004. Discussion focuses on possible bases of this finding and on research problems pertaining to relations between suicide and blood type...

..The findings of this first test outside Europe are therefore conflicting. A proposal based on the geographical study approach is offered to further the progress of investigations into the genetics of suicide...

..If replicable, this may suggest genes contributing to the expression of 2D:4D reside in the vicinity of the gene loci (chromosomal locations: 9q34.2 and 1p36.11) of these blood groups or pleiotropic effects of the blood-group genes...

..The present findings add to the evidence that 2D:4D might be a performance indicator for men across a variety of sports...

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..Based on ecological data, the threshold IQ for suicidality is predicted to be 70 or slightly over, an estimate that is consistent with various suicidological observations...

..Apparently, the Miandad effect neither generalized to all recurrently encountered opponents, nor was specific to India...

..Supplemental analyses of a questionnaire item which specifically queried this study's main finding indicated widespread disbelief of this fact of suicide prevalence across a variety of samples, including two samples from Romania...

..Regarding the high percentage of stage IV disease in the reported patients, the multimodal concept is an effective therapy offering excellent survival and local control probability...

..Thus, non-responders have to be regarded as high-risk patients for recurrence and may benefit from further therapy...

..Software-based CT-analysis is helpful for objective interpretation in managing of orbital fractures...

..A computer program recently developed for the calculation of the orbital floor and fracture areas from coronal computed tomography (CT) scans was used in a study to evaluate the accuracy and ability of this new method...

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..Antidepressant sales and suicide rates have been shown to be correlated in industrialized countries. The aim was to study the possible effects of psychotherapy utilization on suicide rates...

..There is no evidence on the flexibility of these attitudes in the context of a curriculum-implemented psychotherapy information session...

..If contrast enhancement is present, three distinct patterns are usually revealed, all invariably located in the region of the prestyloid recess...

..Recent decreases in the seasonality of suicide might not generalize to societies in transition, and research would improve from focusing on the "natural laboratories" these societies represent...

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..The study of sex chromosome aberrations should indicate whether the presence of additional X or Y chromosomes is associated with 2D:4D levels...

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..Currently available estimates of state IQ, therefore, seem not appropriate to resolve the question of the direction of the ecological correlation of intelligence and suicide mortality across the USA...

..This novel scale shows potential for assessing individuals' beliefs about the genetics of suicide. Applications may include basic research, educational contexts, and evaluation of professional training...

..The consistent nonreplication is discussed in terms of a lack of necessary boundary conditions for the effect to emerge reliably and in differences in analysis between the original investigation and the present re-..

..The epidemiology of suicide in Austria, 1990-2000, was investigated...

..Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is the rate-limiting precursor of serotonin biosynthesis. The serotonergic system has been strongly implicated in the neurobiology of suicide...

..However, the results did not support this hypothesis either. The authors discuss future directions for research...

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..77) but not pertaining to clinical and interpersonal knowledge contents (d = -0.06). Study limitations and suggestions for extension of this preliminary inquiry are discussed...

..We investigated suicide cases of children and young adolescents in terms of prevalence, gender differences, suicide methods and monthly distribution during a period of 32 years...

..Thus, population differences in genetic risk factors may account for the spatial pattern in European suicide rates...