John McGrath

..To compare the performance of schizophrenia, mania and well control groups on tests sensitive to impaired executive ability, and to assess the within-group stability of these measures across the acute and subacute phases of psychoses...

..The data from the Southern Hemisphere have been less consistent. This paper will present a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant data from the Southern Hemisphere...

..Studies that will allow rejection of the hypothesis are proposed...

..To speculate on the role of universal (population-based) interventions designed to prevent schizophrenia...

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..If correct, the hypothesis has important implications for public health. Careful attention to maternal vitamin D status could translate into diverse improvements in health outcomes for the following generation...

..The aim of this study was to examine minor physical anomalies and quantitative measures of the head and face in patients with psychosis vs healthy controls...

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..Community surveys have shown that many otherwise well individuals report delusional-like experiences. The authors examined psychopathology during childhood and adolescence as a predictor of delusional-like experiences in young adulthood...

..However, it is unclear if these experiences are associated with common mental disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of psychotic-like experiences in those with affective and anxiety disorders...

..The aim of the present study was to examine selected correlates of delusion-like experiences in a sample of non-psychotic individuals...

..Further understanding of biological and cognitive pathways is required to unravel the association between trauma exposure and delusional-like experiences...

..Because ridges are fully formed by the end of the second trimester, they may provide clues to disturbed early development. The aim of this study was to assess these measures in a sample of patients with psychosis and normal controls...

..Deficits in olfactory identification have been demonstrated in patients with schizophrenia. This study examined the interaction between smoking and olfactory identification in patients with psychotic disorders versus well controls...

..The aim of the current study was to examine both paternal and maternal age as risk factors for the broader category of psychosis...

..The aims of this paper are twofold: (a) to explore seasonal patterns in a large, Danish Medical Birth Register, and (b) to explore models based on seasonal exposures and a non-linear exposure-risk relationship...

..The aims of this review are to systematically identify studies related to the incidence of schizophrenia, to describe the key features of these studies, and to explore the distribution of rates derived from these studies...

..The aim of this study was to examine the association between economic status and the underlying incidence of schizophrenia based on a recently published systematic review of the incidence of schizophrenia...

..271,p < 0.005). Furthermore, the shape of the seasonality in schizophrenia births varied by latitude band. These variations may encourage researchers to generate candidate seasonally fluctuating exposures...

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..Finally, we discuss the epidemiological data that suggests that vitamin D deficiency either in utero or in early life may have adverse neuropsychiatric implications...

..We had the opportunity to examine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D] levels and performance on various cognitive tasks, based on a large, representative community sample...

..Evidence from epidemiology suggests that low maternal vitamin D may be a risk factor for schizophrenia...

..In conclusion, the epidemiology of schizophrenia is characterized by prominent variability and gradients that can help guide future research...

..02). CONCLUSIONS: There is a wealth of data about the prevalence of schizophrenia. These gradients, and the variability found in prevalence estimate distributions, can provide direction for future hypothesis-driven research...

..The use of sibling pair analysis reduces the influence of unmeasured residual confounding...

..While a number of methods exist to measure 25OHD in sera, none have been specifically developed to examine dried blood spots (DBS)...

..Surveys have found that otherwise well individuals report delusional experiences. Previous studies have shown an association between psychotic symptoms and exposure to trauma...

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..Despite improvements in mental health services in recent decades, it is unclear whether the risk of mortality in schizophrenia has changed over time...

..The aims of this article were to summarize key findings from BC studies in order to identify areas of convergence and to outline areas requiring further research...

..The aim of this study was to explore associations between the common physical disorders and DLE using a large population sample...

..Further investigation of such inconsistencies may help elucidate candidate risk-modifying factors for schizophrenia...

..CONCLUSIONS: Many of the correlates of endorsement of psychosis-screen items are also associated with psychosis. Unravelling the factors that contribute to this broader non-clinical phenotype will aid our understanding of psychosis...

..The results support and extend the hypothesis that schizophrenia is associated with concurrent increases in tonic dopamine activity and decreases in phasic dopamine activity...

..At 1250 ms ISI, a pattern of nonselective meaning facilitation was obtained. These results suggest an attentional breakdown in the sustained inhibition of meanings on the basis of lexical context...

..Because the nucleus accumbens has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, in the current study we examined protein expression in this region in adult rats exposed to DVD deficiency..

..The aim of this study was to explore the association between the use of vitamin D supplements during the first year of life and risk of developing schizophrenia...

..Urban birth and migrant status have been identified as risk factors for psychosis in North American and European studies. The aim of this study was to explore these variables in an Australian case-control study...

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..Our findings would suggest that low maternal vitamin D(3) has important ramifications for the developing brain...

..quot; We also discuss the possibility of a broader set of environmental and genetic factors interacting via the nuclear hormone receptors to affect the development of the brain leading to schizophrenia...

..To reflect on the establishment and evolution of the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research...

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..Further research is required in order to clarify the neurocognitive mechanisms linking impaired working memory with both negative symptoms and positive thought disorder...

..Adults with non-affective psychosis show subtle deviations in a range of developmental trajectories as children and adolescents...

..Several pharmacotherapies for substance misuse can be used safely in people with schizophrenia, but the evidence base is small and guidelines for their use are necessarily derived from experience in the general population...

..This is an overview of the cellular biology of upper nasal mucosal cells that have special characteristics that enable them to be used to diagnose and study congenital neurological diseases and to aid neural repair...

..The study has shown that the composition of bacteria in the nasal cavity and respiratory viral infection significantly affected the OM incidence rate, duration of infection and bacterial load (severity)...

..Since disruptions of mitochondrial metabolism have been associated with both multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia, developmental vitamin D deficiency may be a heuristic animal model for the study of these two brain diseases...

..We had the opportunity to examine the widely used Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) to explore the antecedents of non-affective psychosis...

..Furthermore, characterizing differences in the epidemiology of psychosis between populations may help generate factors that could influence its cause and course...

..Clinicians frequently use lithium to augment antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of lithium in the treatment of schizophrenia...

..When used with appropriate caution, meta-analysis can complement the synthesis of frequency data in epidemiology; however, researchers interested in variation should not rely on meta-analysis alone...

..Despite the relatively small sample size, our study suggests that olanzapine has a superior risk:benefit profile compared to risperidone...

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..These data provide further support for the therapeutic potential of rAAV-GDNF-based gene therapy in the treatment of PD...

..The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of the safety and efficacy of one frequently used adjunctive compound: carbamazepine...

..The psychiatric research community should have a sense of urgency in exploring the mechanisms linking urban birth and risk of schizophrenia...

..Models of care that address issues related to symptom relief, accommodation, and exposure to high-crime areas may reduce the rates of victimisation amongst those with psychotic disorders...

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