G Michael Halmagyi

..5 g and may have contributed to the increased torsional component observed during near viewing. Our data show that vergence-mediated eye movements obey a VOR/Listing's Law compromise strategy independent of the initial eye position...

..After 75 ms, rapid corrective eye movements often were generated to reduce any remaining gaze error...

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..The head-impulse test, which is sensitive and specific for detecting severe unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy, is an accepted part of the neurological examination, especially in patients with vertigo and balance disorders...

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..The physiological rationale of these three tests is reviewed as well as the interpretation of their results in various diseases...

..To review the extent and mechanism of the recovery of vestibular function after sudden, isolated, spontaneous, unilateral loss of most or all peripheral vestibular function - usually called acute vestibular neuritis...

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..For the clinician, impulsive testing is an easy and reliable way to identify severe unilateral as well as bilateral impairment of semicircular canal function...

..Normal subjects had responses that were at least 10 times smaller. The click-evoked vestibulo-ocular reflex test is a simple, robust way to screen dizzy patients for symptomatic superior semicircular dehiscence...

..Pulsed GVS is a promising technique to investigate latency and initiation of the human vestibuloocular reflex because it does not require a large mechanical apparatus nor does it pose problems of head inertia or slippage...

..As galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) evokes the vestibulo-ocular reflex, we wished to investigate GVS-evoked OVEMPs...

..Finally, we mathematically model SCC geometry using Fourier series equations. This work has the potential to reinterpret physiology and pathophysiology in terms of real individual 3D morphology...

..3%. If only the abducting eye was analysed, VOR gains were symmetrical in both directions. For accurate measurements of the VOR at high accelerations, the inter-ocular VOR gain differences require binocular recording...

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..This system is easy to use in a clinical setting, provides an objective measure of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), and detects both overt and covert catch-up saccades in patients with vestibular loss...

..1 to 1.0 Hz, eye velocity failed to match head velocity, gaze velocity increased, and gaze position errors developed, which were corrected with bursts of saccades, the basis of the clinical sign of an impaired VVOR...

..Our findings suggest that the cerebellum does not encode eye velocity axis tilting during saccades, further supporting the notion that these phenomena arise due to the effects of muscle pulleys...

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..CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the superior oblique muscle, at least in part, is responsible for the temporal rotation of Listing's plane that occurs in normal subjects on convergence...

..The control patients had no residual canal function. Thus, residual vestibular function on the ipsilesional side may cause vertiginous Meniere attacks...

..In over 80% of patients, BPV can be treated successfully with a single bedside Epley (particle-repositioning) manoeuvre, which can be performed by any medical practitioner...

..In the asymptomatic patient, superior and inferior vestibular nerves were absent on MRI and impulsive testing revealed no residual posterior canal function...

..To report the little known fact that systemically administered gentamicin can cause severe unilateral, rather than only bilateral vestibular loss...

..CONCLUSIONS: Complete ophthalmoplegia is an unusual sign of bilateral paramedian midbrain-thalamic infarction. The ophthalmoplegia could result from combined third nerve, pseudoabducens, and vertical gaze palsies...

..Vibration to the head or neck excites vestibular and neck muscle spindle afferents. Can such vibrations improve the sensitivity of the subjective visual horizontal (SVH) test to chronic unilateral deficit of the vestibular system?..

..The authors propose a simple management plan for patients with shunted hydrocephalus who develop SAS...

..Despite these findings, sway remained greater than controls. OT thus may show functionally important alcohol responsiveness...

..To assess the pulse rate and the respiratory rate responses to head-down tilt of the whole body in the plane of the posterior canals in healthy subjects and in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)...