E Waters

Summary

Affiliation: Deakin University
Country: Australia

Publications

  1. ncbi Paediatric quality of life instruments: a review of the impact of the conceptual framework on outcomes
    Elise Davis
    School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
    Dev Med Child Neurol 48:311-8. 2006
  2. ncbi Evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions: the role and activities of the Cochrane Collaboration
    Elizabeth Waters
    School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia 3125
    J Epidemiol Community Health 60:285-9. 2006
  3. ncbi Psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire for children with CP
    Elizabeth Waters
    Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
    Dev Med Child Neurol 49:49-55. 2007
  4. ncbi Development of a condition-specific measure of quality of life for children with cerebral palsy: empirical thematic data reported by parents and children
    E Waters
    School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    Child Care Health Dev 31:127-35. 2005
  5. ncbi Knowledge synthesis, translation and exchange in public health and health promotion: the role of a Cochrane Review Group
    Elizabeth Waters
    School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy Burwood, Vic, Australia
    Promot Educ 14:34-5. 2007
  6. ncbi The role of a Prospective Public Health Intervention Study Register in building public health evidence: proposal for content and use
    Elizabeth Waters
    Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field, VicHealth, 15 31 Pelham Street PO Box 154, Carlton South, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
    J Public Health (Oxf) 29:322-7. 2007
  7. ncbi Prevalence of emotional and physical health concerns amongst young people in Victoria
    E Waters
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
    J Paediatr Child Health 35:28-33. 1999
  8. ncbi Influence of parental gender and self-reported health and illness on parent-reported child health
    E Waters
    Centre for Community Child Health, University of Melbourne, Royal Children s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
    Pediatrics 106:1422-8. 2000
  9. ncbi The impact of caring for a child with cerebral palsy: quality of life for mothers and fathers
    E Davis
    McCaughey Centre VicHealth Centre for the Promotion of Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Level 5, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
    Child Care Health Dev 36:63-73. 2010
  10. ncbi Television, computer use and body mass index in Australian primary school children
    M Wake
    Centre for Community Child Health, University of Melbourne, Royal Children s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
    J Paediatr Child Health 39:130-4. 2003

Detail Information

Publications60

  1. ncbi Paediatric quality of life instruments: a review of the impact of the conceptual framework on outcomes
    Elise Davis
    School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
    Dev Med Child Neurol 48:311-8. 2006
    ..The impact of the conceptual underpinnings of the instruments on the resulting QOL scores is discussed...
  2. ncbi Evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions: the role and activities of the Cochrane Collaboration
    Elizabeth Waters
    School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia 3125
    J Epidemiol Community Health 60:285-9. 2006
    ..This paper aims to provide a glossary of the terms and activities related to public health and the Cochrane Collaboration...
  3. ncbi Psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire for children with CP
    Elizabeth Waters
    Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
    Dev Med Child Neurol 49:49-55. 2007
    ..Preliminary statistics suggest that the child self-report questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties. The questionnaire can be freely accessed at http://www.deakin.edu.ac/hmnbs/chase/cerebralpalsy/cp_qol_home.php...
  4. ncbi Development of a condition-specific measure of quality of life for children with cerebral palsy: empirical thematic data reported by parents and children
    E Waters
    School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    Child Care Health Dev 31:127-35. 2005
    ..This study identify themes of QOL for children with cerebral palsy and their parents to guide the development of a new condition-specific QOL scale...
  5. ncbi Knowledge synthesis, translation and exchange in public health and health promotion: the role of a Cochrane Review Group
    Elizabeth Waters
    School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy Burwood, Vic, Australia
    Promot Educ 14:34-5. 2007
    ..2007 will be an exciting year for evidence-informed Health Promotion and Public Health (HPPH) both within the Cochrane Collaboration and for our partners in policy, practice and research...
  6. ncbi The role of a Prospective Public Health Intervention Study Register in building public health evidence: proposal for content and use
    Elizabeth Waters
    Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field, VicHealth, 15 31 Pelham Street PO Box 154, Carlton South, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
    J Public Health (Oxf) 29:322-7. 2007
    ..It is argued that this initiative has the potential to facilitate increased global cooperation and efficiency in the production of high quality evidence and ultimately in improved health outcomes for populations...
  7. ncbi Prevalence of emotional and physical health concerns amongst young people in Victoria
    E Waters
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
    J Paediatr Child Health 35:28-33. 1999
    ..To describe the emotional and physical health concerns of young people, and identify the concerns for which young people are more likely to seek help...
  8. ncbi Influence of parental gender and self-reported health and illness on parent-reported child health
    E Waters
    Centre for Community Child Health, University of Melbourne, Royal Children s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
    Pediatrics 106:1422-8. 2000
    ..Although there is clear evidence of the influence of parental factors on child health outcomes, the influence of parental perceptions of their health and illness on the reporting of child health remains primarily unknown...
  9. ncbi The impact of caring for a child with cerebral palsy: quality of life for mothers and fathers
    E Davis
    McCaughey Centre VicHealth Centre for the Promotion of Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Level 5, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
    Child Care Health Dev 36:63-73. 2010
    ..The aims of this study are to: (1) explore the QOL of mothers and fathers of children with CP aged 3-18 years; and (2) examine whether the impact of caring for a child with CP changes from childhood to adolescence...
  10. ncbi Television, computer use and body mass index in Australian primary school children
    M Wake
    Centre for Community Child Health, University of Melbourne, Royal Children s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
    J Paediatr Child Health 39:130-4. 2003
    ..To investigate relationships between children's body mass index (BMI) and parent reports of children's television and video game/computer habits, controlling for other potential risk factors for paediatric obesity...
  11. ncbi The impact of childhood conditions and concurrent morbidities on child health and well-being
    E Waters
    The McCaughey Centre, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Burwood, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
    Child Care Health Dev 34:418-29. 2008
    ....
  12. ncbi Agreement between adolescent self-report and parent reports of health and well-being: results of an epidemiological study
    E Waters
    Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children s Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
    Child Care Health Dev 29:501-9. 2003
    ..To examine parent and adolescent agreement on physical, emotional, mental and social health and well-being in a representative population...
  13. ncbi Social, cultural and environmental influences on child activity and eating in Australian migrant communities
    J Green
    Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
    Child Care Health Dev 29:441-8. 2003
    ..This study set out to examine the socio-cultural, familial and environmental factors influencing health, eating habits and patterns of physical activity contributing to child and adolescent overweight and obesity...
  14. ncbi The effectiveness of nutrition interventions on dietary outcomes by relative social disadvantage: a systematic review
    J Oldroyd
    Cabrini Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, 183 Wattletree Rd, Malvern, Victoria, 3144, Australia
    J Epidemiol Community Health 62:573-9. 2008
    ..To determine whether nutrition interventions widen dietary inequalities across socioeconomic status groups...
  15. ncbi The relationship between quality of life and functioning for children with cerebral palsy
    A Shelly
    School of Health and Social Development, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
    Dev Med Child Neurol 50:199-203. 2008
    ..Physical type domains of QOL accounted for more of the variance in functioning than psychosocial type domains. Children with CP have the potential to report a high psychosocial QOL score even if they have poor functioning...
  16. ncbi The parent-form Child Health Questionnaire in Australia: comparison of reliability, validity, structure, and norms
    E Waters
    Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
    J Pediatr Psychol 25:381-91. 2000
    ..To improve the ability to describe and compare child health within and between countries, using standardized multidimensional child health measures...
  17. ncbi Criteria for the systematic review of health promotion and public health interventions
    N Jackson
    Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field, Australia
    Health Promot Int 20:367-74. 2005
    ....
  18. ncbi Interventions for preventing obesity in childhood. A systematic review
    K Campbell
    School of Health Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125, Australia
    Obes Rev 2:149-57. 2001
    ..The prevalence of obesity and overweight is increasing worldwide. Obesity in children impacts on their health in both short- and long-term. Obesity prevention strategies are poorly understood...
  19. ncbi Multi-sectoral health promotion and public health: the role of evidence
    Rebecca Armstrong
    Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field, VicHealth, 15 31 Pelham St, PO Box 154, Carlton South VIC 3053, Melbourne, Australia
    J Public Health (Oxf) 28:168-72. 2006
    ..This paper presents an argument for the development of multi-sector evidence and discusses both facilitators and challenges to this process...
  20. ncbi Obesity prevention programs demand high-quality evaluations
    Boyd Swinburn
    WHO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Faculty of Health, Medicine, Nursing, and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria
    Aust N Z J Public Health 31:305-7. 2007
    ..There is an important opportunity to build collaborative mechanisms across community-based obesity prevention sites to enhance the program and evaluation quality and to accelerate knowledge translation into practice and policy...
  21. ncbi Parent-proxy and child self-reported health-related quality of life: using qualitative methods to explain the discordance
    Elise Davis
    School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Medicine, Nursing and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
    Qual Life Res 16:863-71. 2007
    ..The aim of this study was to use a qualitative methodology to examine why parents and children report different levels of HRQOL...
  22. ncbi Scaling up community-based obesity prevention in Australia: background and evaluation design of the Health Promoting Communities: Being Active Eating Well initiative
    Andrea M de Silva-Sanigorski
    WHO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia 3217
    BMC Public Health 10:65. 2010
    ..This paper describes the design of the evaluation of the five primary care partnership-based initiatives in the 'Go for your life' Health Promoting Communities: Being Active Eating Well (HPC:BAEW) initiative...
  23. ncbi The Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field--expanding and promoting the evidence base
    Jodie Doyle
    Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field, PO Box 154, Carlton South, Vic, Australia 3052
    Promot Educ 9:96-7, 116, 127. 2002
  24. ncbi The development of a network for community-based obesity prevention: the CO-OPS Collaboration
    Steven Allender
    World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
    BMC Public Health 11:132. 2011
    ..abstract:..
  25. ncbi A qualitative study exploring barriers to a model of shared care for pre-school children's oral health
    M G Gussy
    School of Dental Science, University of Melbourne, 711 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
    Br Dent J 201:165-70; discussion 157. 2006
    ..To explore the oral health beliefs and practices of primary health care professionals which may act as barriers to the development of a model of shared care for the oral health of pre-school children...
  26. ncbi Getting the complete picture: combining parental and child data to identify the barriers to social inclusion for children living in low socio-economic areas
    B Davies
    School of Health and Social Development, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
    Child Care Health Dev 34:214-22. 2008
    ..This study aims to identify the barriers to social inclusion for children aged 9-12 years living in low socio-economic status (SES) areas, using both child-report and parent-report interviews...
  27. ncbi Over and undernutrition in the children of Australian immigrants: Assessing the influence of birthplace of primary carer and English language use at home on the nutritional status of 4-5-year-olds
    A M N Renzaho
    School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, 21 Burwood Highway, Burwood 3125, Victoria, Australia
    Int J Pediatr Obes 4:73-80. 2009
    ..To document the relationship between childhood nutrition status and ethnicity (defined as the birthplace of primary carer and English language use at home) using a nationally representative sample of 4- to 5-year-old children...
  28. ncbi Evidence-based paediatric practice and its relation to the Cochrane Collaboration
    E Waters
    Research and Public Health Unit, Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children's Hospital and Health Promotion and Public Health Field, Cochrane Collaboration, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    J Paediatr Child Health 39:137-8. 2003
  29. ncbi Parent-reported health status of overweight and obese Australian primary school children: a cross-sectional population survey
    M Wake
    Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
    Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 26:717-24. 2002
    ..We examined parent-reported child health and well-being and parent concern about child weight by body mass index (BMI) category in a population sample of primary school children...
  30. ncbi The nature of evidence resources and knowledge translation for health promotion practitioners
    Rebecca Armstrong
    Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field, Melbourne, Australia
    Health Promot Int 22:254-60. 2007
    ..This paper also considers the potential role of knowledge brokers in helping to identify and translate evidence into practice...
  31. ncbi Health-related quality of life of overweight and obese children
    Joanne Williams
    Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children s Hospital and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
    JAMA 293:70-6. 2005
    ..The negative effects of childhood overweight and obesity on quality of life (QOL) have been shown in clinical samples but not yet in population-based community samples...
  32. ncbi Evidence-based public health: improving the relevance of Cochrane Collaboration systematic reviews to global public health priorities
    E Waters
    Research and Public Health Unit, Cochrane Collaboration Health Promotion and Public Health Field, PO Box 154, Carlton South, Vic. 3053, Australia
    J Public Health Med 25:263-6. 2003
  33. ncbi Evidence synthesis, upstream determinants and health inequalities: the role of a proposed new Cochrane Public Health Review Group
    Elizabeth Waters
    Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field, The McCaughey Centre, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
    Eur J Public Health 18:221-3. 2008
  34. ncbi Indigenous child health research: a critical analysis of Australian studies
    Naomi Priest
    Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    Aust N Z J Public Health 33:55-63. 2009
    ....
  35. ncbi Primary care funding and organisational policy options and implications: a narrative review of evidence from five comparator countries
    Lucio Naccarella
    Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
    Med J Aust 188:S73-6. 2008
    ..To review innovative models of primary care in different countries in order to identify potential mechanisms for reforming primary care policy in Australia...
  36. ncbi Improving the reporting of public health intervention research: advancing TREND and CONSORT
    Rebecca Armstrong
    Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field, VicHealth, PO Box 154, Carlton South, VIC 3053, Melbourne, Australia
    J Public Health (Oxf) 30:103-9. 2008
    ..However, public health users of systematic reviews have been concerned with the paucity of synthesized information on context, development and rationale, implementation processes and sustainability factors...
  37. ncbi Evidence-based public health: The importance of finding 'difficult to locate' public health and health promotion intervention studies for systematic reviews
    Faline Howes
    Cochrane Collaboration Health Promotion and Public Health Field, Carlton South, Vic. 3053, Australia
    J Public Health (Oxf) 26:101-4. 2004
  38. ncbi It's in your hands: the value of handsearching in conducting systematic reviews of public health interventions
    Rebecca Armstrong
    Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field, Melbourne, Australia
    J Public Health (Oxf) 27:388-91. 2005
    ..Handsearching for evidence of intervention effectiveness has therefore become a recognized tool in the systematic review process...
  39. ncbi Can Australian general practitioners tackle childhood overweight/obesity? Methods and processes from the LEAP (Live, Eat and Play) randomized controlled trial
    Zoe McCallum
    Centre for Community Child Health, University of Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
    J Paediatr Child Health 41:488-94. 2005
    ..General practitioners (GPs) could make an important contribution to management of childhood overweight. However, there are no efficacy data to support this, and the feasibility of this approach is unknown...
  40. ncbi Understanding parental motivators and barriers to uptake of child poison safety strategies: a qualitative study
    L Gibbs
    School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
    Inj Prev 11:373-7. 2005
    ..To develop an understanding of factors acting as barriers and motivators to parental uptake of child poison safety strategies...
  41. ncbi Geospatial analysis of childhood pertussis in Victoria, 1993-97
    Ying Chen
    Department of Human Services, Melbourne, Victoria
    Aust N Z J Public Health 26:456-61. 2002
    ..To demonstrate the feasibility of using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in public health research...
  42. ncbi Harnessing support for prioritised Cochrane reviews in health promotion and public health--update from the Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field
    Jodie Doyle
    Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field, Vic, Australia
    Promot Educ 11:204-5. 2004
  43. ncbi The role and theoretical evolution of knowledge translation and exchange in public health
    Rebecca Armstrong
    Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field, VicHealth, Carlton South, VIC 3053, Melbourne, Australia
    J Public Health (Oxf) 28:384-9. 2006
    ..Knowledge Translation Strategy, 2004). The most recent conceptualizations consider the complexities of public health decision-making. The role of practitioners and communities is increasingly considered...
  44. ncbi Quality of life instruments for children and adolescents with neurodisabilities: how to choose the appropriate instrument
    Elizabeth Waters
    McCaughey Centre, VicHealth Centre for the Promotion of Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
    Dev Med Child Neurol 51:660-9. 2009
    ..The aim of the current paper is to describe QoL instruments for children and adolescents with neurodisabilities against criteria that we think are important when choosing or developing a QoL instrument...
  45. ncbi Double disadvantage: the influence of ethnicity over socioeconomic position on childhood overweight and obesity: findings from an inner urban population of primary school children
    Elizabeth Waters
    School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
    Int J Pediatr Obes 3:196-204. 2008
    ..To examine the relationship between overweight/obesity in children, socioeconomic status and ethnicity/cultural background...
  46. ncbi Economic evaluation of a primary care trial to reduce weight gain in overweight/obese children: the LEAP trial
    Melissa Wake
    Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Community Child Health, The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children s Research Institute, Royal Children s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
    Ambul Pediatr 8:336-41. 2008
    ..As the literature suggests, this approach may be ineffective; it is important to document the opportunity costs incurred by brief primary care obesity interventions that ultimately may not alter body mass index (BMI) trajectory...
  47. ncbi Key issues in Cochrane systematic reviews: cultural and economic considerations
    Jodie Doyle
    The McCaughey Centre, VicHealth Centre for the Promotion of Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic, Australia
    J Public Health (Oxf) 30:342-4. 2008
  48. ncbi Issues raised in systematic reviews of complex multisectoral and community based interventions
    Jodie Doyle
    Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field, Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, 15-31, Pelham Street, PO Box 154, Carlton South, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
    J Public Health (Oxf) 30:213-5. 2008
  49. ncbi Health and developmental outcome of children following prenatal diagnosis of confined placental mosaicism
    David J Amor
    Murdoch Children s Research Institute, Royal Children s Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
    Prenat Diagn 26:443-8. 2006
    ..To determine the long-term health and development of a cohort of children in whom confined placental mosaicism (CPM) was diagnosed at prenatal diagnosis...
  50. ncbi Children's after school activity: associations with weight status and family circumstance
    Kylie Hesketh
    School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
    Pediatr Exerc Sci 20:84-94. 2008
    ..3 vs. 3.0; p = .02). Child-reported mean METs were higher for fathers born in Australia (2.9 vs. 2.6; p = .04) and where english was their main language (2.9 vs. 2.3, p = .003)...
  51. ncbi Re: A structured review of studies on health-related quality of life and economic evaluation in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    Elise Davis
    J Natl Cancer Inst 97:1786; author reply 1786-7. 2005
  52. ncbi Quality of life of children with CP: condition-specific instrument and proxy reports
    Elise Davis
    Dev Med Child Neurol 50:167. 2008
  53. ncbi Swinburn right of reply
    Boyd Swinburn
    Aust N Z J Public Health 32:86. 2008
  54. ncbi Stability of body mass index in Australian children: a prospective cohort study across the middle childhood years
    Kylie Hesketh
    Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Royal Children s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
    Public Health Nutr 7:303-9. 2004
    ..To investigate the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity, the frequency of overweight resolution and the influence of parental adiposity during middle childhood...
  55. ncbi A glossary for evidence based public health
    Lucie Rychetnik
    Sydney Health Projects Group, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
    J Epidemiol Community Health 58:538-45. 2004
    ..It draws on the published literature, experience gained over several years analysis of the topic, and discussions with public health colleagues, including researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and students...
  56. ncbi Evidence-based public health: what does it offer developing countries?
    Celia McMichael
    School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, VIC 3086, Australia
    J Public Health (Oxf) 27:215-21. 2005
    ..The public health evidence base urgently needs strengthening, with dedicated effort towards increasing the relevance of primary evidence and systematic reviews...
  57. ncbi New developments for effectiveness systematic reviews in health promotion: cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health Field
    Jodie Doyle
    Promot Educ 10:118-9. 2003
  58. ncbi UNCROC and the prevention of childhood obesity: the right not to have food advertisements on television
    Richard Ingleby
    Faculty of Business and Law, School of Law, Deakin University
    J Law Med 16:49-56. 2008
    ..The scope of the discussion is then expanded to consider the implications of rights-based discourse in broader public health contexts...
  59. ncbi Systematic reviews of public health in developing countries are in train
    Elizabeth Waters
    BMJ 328:585. 2004
  60. ncbi Chronic immobilization stress alters aspects of emotionality and associative learning in the rat
    Gwendolyn E Wood
    The Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
    Behav Neurosci 122:282-92. 2008
    ..e., struggling and helplessness). These results emphasize the emotional and learned responses to CIS evident during and after the stress treatment, as well as the importance of individual differences...